MINERÍA la mejor puerta de acceso al sector minero MINERÍA / NOVIEMBRE 2024 / EDICIÓN 566 55 Abstract The study evaluates the stability of mining tailings dams in Peru, highlighting the frequent use of traditional limit equilibrium methods (LEM) in stability analysis despite the limitations recognized in Peruvian regulations. This points out the complexity of the stability analysis of tailings dams, which requires exploring several failure mechanisms, adding uncertainty to the safety assessment process. The stability evaluation will be carried out by means of the Shear Strength Reduction Method (SRM), which serves as a numerical alternative that considers material constitutive models supported by finite element methods (FEM). The use of these methods was carried out in 8 tailings dams made of different soil and rock materials, distributed in different mining units in Peru. The use of numerical methods can have the following advantages, because isotropic, transversely isotropic, orthotropic and even nonlinear deformational models can be incorporated, which allows a more rigorous adaptation to the behavior of the materials present in the mining dam. In addition, representations of the maximum shear deformations can be obtained, which will be indicative of the failure mechanism that may occur in that component. The software used for the simulations and static load calculations were Slide® for the LEM and RS2® for the FEM used to determine the safety factors of the different tailings dams. The article proposes the use of numerical methods in the analysis of the physical stability of tailings dams and the comparison of safety factors (SF) and the shear reduction factor (SRF) between the LEM and FEM methods. For the validation of this comparison, statistical methods were applied and the results obtained using the statistical technique of hypothesis testing, validating the null hypothesis that indicates that the SF and SRF for both methods by LEM and FEM respectively are equivalent and that there are no significant differences. portamiento de los materiales presentes en la presa minera. Además, Se pueden obtener representaciones de las deformaciones por cortantes máximas, que serán indicadoras del mecanismo de falla que puede tener lugar en dicho componente. Los software usados para las simulaciones y cálculos en cargas estáticas fueron el Slide® para el LEM y RS2® para el FEM, con el propósito de determinar los factores de seguridad de las diferentes presas de relaves. El artículo propone el uso de los métodos numéricos en el análisis de la estabilidad física en presas de relaves y la comparación de los factores de seguridad (FS) y el factor de reducción al corte (SRF) entre los métodos de LEM y FEM. La validación de esta comparación se realizó con la aplicación de métodos estadísticos, utilizando la técnica estadística del contraste de hipótesis, validándose la hipótesis nula que nos indica que los FS y SRF por ambos métodos, por MEL y MEF respectivamente, son equivalentes y que no hay diferencias significativas.
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